Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing

Leadership Styles in Professional Nursing The health sectors success relies mainly on the leadership of the nurses in command; this may be a nurse manager who is in control of a unit or a nurse executive who controls numerous units. To be able to successfully lead the others the nurses need to have the necessary leadership skills that will be employed to solve all the challenges (Mahoney, 2001). The effective leadership skills will be very useful in the decision making process in the health sector. The senior nurse therefore has the control over all the activities involved which means that he/she must do it diligently and professionally at all times. They need to be visionary and have appropriate strategies to success; in addition they should be dynamic, motivated, and have the desire to achieve greater heights (Mahoney, 2001). This paper analyses leadership styles in professional nursing and how they can be applied to make the health sector effective and efficient. It reviews professional nursing literature that identifies the major leadership skills and gives a clinical application example. Review of the Professional Nursing Literature In leadership, the leader must aim at transformation where the nurses are motivated to transform the industry through proper morals and hard work. There are various leadership styles that can be applied by leader nurses; these include democratic or autocratic leadership. In this regard the nurses who lead can apply such styles depending on the situation and experience of the nurses. According to Cook (2001) in the article The renaissance of clinical leadership there are various factors that influence the style of leadership to be applied. They include, the external environment; the experience of the nurse involved the internal environment, and the understanding. He identifies four styles that nurses can use in their leadership and make it effective. The styles are connected to nursing care approaches and include; transactional, transformational, connective and renaissance. In transformational leadership the leaders and subordinates are able to lift each other in their work to higher heights. This is mainly achieved through motivation and morality where they are both involved in whatever happens to one another (Cook, 2001). This is more like the democratic leadership where leaders seek the opinion of the subordinate nurses in the decisions they make. The nurses are able to carry out all their duties independently, without interference and to their understanding. They are however free to ask for assistance from others either the leaders or the colleagues in case they need any assistance. This means that the nurses are able to work efficiently and behave well due to the motivation, inspiration, individual consideration and intellectual stimulation (Cook, 2001). Transactional leadership on the other hand pursues an autocratic leadership style where the nurses are under obligation to perform in view of the fact that they are paid to do so. The subordinates must take strict orders from the leaders; which they must obey without questions or comments. The leaders are able to further their own agendas, goals and whatever they see as effective. They do not take in to considerations the view of the subordinates viewing them as just workers to follow the orders given. The leaders supervise the subordinates very closely and are mainly on duty to ensure that every nurse arrived to their duty and has performed all the duties as per the instructions. Thyer (2003) in the article Dare to be different: transformational leadership may hold the key to reducing the nursing shortage gives an account on the contribution of transformational leadership on the issue of nurse shortages that have been experience. On their part, health care has in many occasions been implemented under transactional leadership that has made nurses to quit and leave the industry (Thyer, 2003). This leaves a shortage in the profession as more continue to leave either for retirement or other well led careers. The nurses blame the system in the workplace which they say is dictatorial and does not bring fulfillment to their profession. Transformational leadership on the other hand when applied will bring motivation and morality in the sector and thus retains more nurses and attracts more others. The nurses become visionary, creative, independent, and engaged in the making of decisions both at the in-patient and out-patient level and this brings fulfillment and individual association with their work. They are able to attach themselves to their work and make it more enjoyable through contributing to the decisions made. The transformational leadership also allows equality in terms of gender, race, and age; whats more is that the nurses are able to contribute to the communication strategies that are needed in the health sector (Thyer, 2003). Transactional on the other hand will erode the spirit of team work, communication and togetherness in the sector. In view of these facts, transformational leadership becomes an inspirational mode to attract better terms of reference in the job market and create a notion that inspires even scholars to join in. Sellgren et al. (2006) in the article Leadership Styles in Nursing Management: Preferred and Perceived aimed to explore the leadership involved in nursing in regard to what managers and their subordinates view as important. It also aimed at exploring the opinions of the subordinates on their superiors performance in the work place. The study was based on the leaders styles and their fundamental roles they have to play in their workplace and the view the subordinates have of those roles (Sellgren, et al. 2006). It is also based on the way the subordinates accept and follow whatever the leaders say and the motivation they get from the leaders; and the way they follow the goals and objectives of the manager for the purpose of quality. Application of Clinical Example When leaders apply the styles they are positive that they will achieve their objectives and whichever style they apply they are guided by the experience and situation. When leading nurses who are managing experience nurses they tend to apply transformational leadership since they know the nurses know their work and dont need much supervision. In contrast when leading new registered nurses they may apply transactional leadership which will ensure they are supervised appropriately before they are acquitted with their duties (Mahoney, 2001). In situations where the leading nurses want to make decisions such as purchasing equipment then the transformational leader will seek for the opinion of the subordinates who will be able to give whatever they need to use and find comfortable and appropriate. The major need for effective and efficient leadership is the success of the health system which requires that the leaders are devoted, strategic, and charismatic (Cook, 2001). In every decision they make they have to ensure that they are not derailed from achieving the final objective. Conclusion Leaders have the opportunity to apply any style they deem fit in achieving their goals and objectives. In addition they have the chance to apply one or both styles or change the style if they see one is not effective. No matter the style they apply or management decisions they make they must be able to ensure growth and sustainability in the health sector, where patients must be positive about everything happening in the sector. Job satisfaction for the subordinates nurses and the entire society of nurses also depends on the leadership style therefore the leaders should evaluate the style they will apply critically before implementation.

Barack Obama and the White Race

If the premise that the white race is a dominant race is an accepted one, then there must be some explanation for Barack Obama and his success in both life and as a political candidate. If those conclusions are true and the white race does actually suppress other races, the Obama must have been doing something different in order to change his lot in life. The most obvious explanation for his success, in light of the circumstances stacked against him, is that Barack Obama has concentrated on exploring avenues in life that have normally been traditionally white paths to success.It could be said, first and foremost, that Barack Obama has tried to emulate the path that a white politician would take in terms of his education. Though he has not done everything like a white politician and he has some experiences that are certainly unique to his situation, he has traveled down an educational path that is normally reserved for white people in America. This all started when he got serious abou t education during his time at Occidental College.A Barack Obama biography writes of his unique educational transformation, â€Å"Obama graduated from Punahou and went on to Occidental College in Los Angeles, where he decided to get serious about his studies. Midway through, he transferred to the prestigious Columbia University in New York City† (Barack Obama Biography). Going to a prestigious Ivy League University for undergraduate studies was only the beginning for Obama, though. He amped up his efforts and took it further with his decision to go to law school.The biography states, â€Å"Feeling it was time to move on, Obama applied to and was accepted at Harvard Law School, one of the top three law schools in the United States. In 1990, he was elected president of the Harvard Law Review journal. He was the first African American to serve in the post, which virtually assured him of any career path he chose after graduation† (Barack Obama Biography). Though these thin gs are obviously important in their own right, it is also important to note that Obama chose to network in traditionally white channels in order to form relationships that have helped him in his political career.Though Obama took some pathways that would normally be reserved for a white politician, he never forgot about his roots. This has been one of the reasons why he was able to break the mold. He served as a community organizer in both Harlem and in Chicago, where he learned the inner-workings of the inner city. Still, even above all of this, it was something else that allowed him to have success that no black candidate before him has ever seen. That characteristic is his unique ability to communicate and motivate other people.He is incredibly persuasive and his words empower people. Source Watch writes of how powerful and influential the Senator has become in his short time as a politician. In their biography, they write, â€Å"The April 18 2005 issue of TIME magazine listed t he 100 most influential people in the world. Obama was included on the list under the section of ‘Leaders and Revolutionaries' for his high-profile entrance to federal politics and his popularity within the Democratic Party† (SourceWatch).This ability to inspire and move people has served the Senator well, as he has clearly broken the mold and caused people to look past his race in the 2008 election. This characteristic, along with the decidedly white path he chose have given Obama a fighting chance to be the next president of the United States. References Notable Biographies. Barack Obama Biography. < http://www. notablebiographies. com/news/Li-Ou/Obama-Barack. html > Source Watch. Barack Obama. < http://www. sourcewatch. org/index. php? title=Barack_Obama#Political_career >

Marketing Analysis Marketing Products - 2834 Words

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Due to rapid development in United States, the country has become a force to beat in the global market, it has managed to maintain first position in both imports and exports of products and services (Hughes, 20 10). iPhone is one of the products produced in U.S which has been adopted by many locals and in many foreign countries. This paper will discuss the marketing management strategies that are applied by iPhone that has enable it adopted locally and in many foreign countries. Utilities of consumer value are sometimes called business marketing utilities, this are the elements required for the exchange of a product to take place between the manufacture and the consumers. According toShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Avon Products Essay704 Words   |  3 PagesAVON Products, Incorporated has moved their headquarters to London, U.K.; a manufacturer and marketer of cosmetic beauty and related products. The company s product categories are beauty, fashion, and home. 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Charles Lee - 1549 Words

Charles Lee: General in the American Revolutionary War By David E. LaClair Jr Charles Lee, a general in the American Revolutionary war, is a historic figure in American history. Serving under George Washington, Charles Lee participated in a number of battles. However, history says Charles Lee was treacherous to the cause, all the while that he was in command during that time; he was acting in bad faith toward the Americans. His influence in the army was, at all times, mischievous (General Charles Lee: Traitor of the American Revolution). To the British, Charles Lee was a traitor who turned on England to fight under George Washington. Due to Charles Lee’s treacherous actions against America, it would lead to his downfall in the†¦show more content†¦Most of the credit rightfully belonged to Colonel Moultrie because nine warships mounting nearly 270 guns (cannon) were soundly defeated by Colonel William Moultrie. Also, with limited ammunition, Moultrie’s orders were not to waste fire (Preservation Society of Charleston). When Washington g ave Lee another command sometime after, Lee was reluctant to carry it out. Lee questioned Washington’s ability, possibly from his earlier experience with Washington at Braddock’s. Some have speculated that Lee wanted to see his superior defeated so that he could take command of the continental army (US History, War for Independence). In December 1776, Lee left his army to spend the evening in White’s Tavern in Basking Ridge, New Jersey (US History, War for Independence). Things may have gone good to Lee at first, having nice food and being around women, but all that changed when Lee stayed the night at the tavern and woke up the next morning. When morning came, Lee was surprised by the arrival of British troops under Benastre Tarleton, a former comrade who had sworn an oath in a London club to track down and decapitate Lee. 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